Human Irisin ELISA Kit

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ Human IFN-γ ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate IFN-γ in samples. An antibody specific for IFN-γ has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any IFN-γ present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a biotin-conjugated antibody specific for IFN-γ is added to the wells. After washing, proprietary EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP conjugates is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound streptavidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of IFN-γ bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Mouse Transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitative TGFA.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Human Malondialdehyde (MDA) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate MDA in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human Septin-8 (SEPT8) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate SEPT8 in samples

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human Transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate TGFA in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Mouse Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate LPS in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human Hyaluronic acid (HA) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate HA in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate CTX-I in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Human Superoxide dismutase (SOD) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate SOD in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human 8-Hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate 8-OHdG in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Rat Insulin (INS) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate Insulin in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Mouse Thyroxine (T4) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate T4 in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Human Oxyntomodulin (OXM) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate OXM in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Rat Adiponectin (ADP) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate Adiponectin in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Rat Super Oxidase Dismutase (SOD) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate SOD in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Rat Estradiol (E2) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate E2 in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ Testosterone ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ T3 ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ fT3 ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ T4 ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ Progesterone ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

EliKine™ fT4 ELISA Kit employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Rat Testosterone (T) ELISA Kit allows for the determination of T concentrations in Rat serum, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Mouse Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate ROS in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This Human 2,3-Disphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate 2,3DPG in samples.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TGF-β2 encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a mature peptide homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGF-beta binding protein, or in an active form consisting solely of the mature peptide homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGF-beta family members. Disruption of the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. A chromosomal translocation that includes TGF-β2 is associated with Peters' anomaly, a congenital defect of the anterior chamber of the eye. Mutations in TGF-β2 may be associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. TGF-β2 encodes multiple isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Stereocilin is a protein that is associated with the hair bundle of the sensory hair cells in the inner ear. The hair bundle is composed of stiff microvilli called stereocilia and is involved with mechanoreception of sound waves. This gene is part of a tandem duplication on chromosome 15; the second copy is a pseudogene. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness. Defects in STRC are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal recessive type 16 (DFNB16) . DFNB16 is a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The Pseudomonas exotoxin (or exotoxin A) is an exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits elongation factor-2. It does so by ADP-ribosylation of EF2. This then causes the elongation of polypeptides to cease.(The mechanism of the toxin is similar to that of Diphtheria toxin.) It has been investigated as a treatment for hepatitis B[3] and cancer.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Secretory IgA (IgA) consists of two IgA monomers joined by the J-chain and furthermore a secretory component. It is secreted in plasma cells based in the lamina propia of mucosal membranes. Synthesis of IgA is independent from the synthesis of serum IgA. This means lack of serum IgA does not necessarily mean a lack of IgA. IgA is found in secretions in a specific form called secretory IgA', Secretory IgA is the major immunoglobulin in saliva, tears, colostrum, nasal mucous, mother´s milk, tracheobronchial and gastrointestinal secretes. It plays a major role in preventing adherence of microorganisms to mucosal sites, in activation of the alternative complement pathway and in activating inflammatory reactions. Newborns are provided with IgA by mother´s milk and are passively immunized against gastrointestinal infections.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils. There are many different types of triglyceride, with the main division between saturated and unsaturated types. Saturated fats are "saturated" with hydrogen – all available places where hydrogen atoms could be bonded to carbon atoms are occupied. These have a higher melting point and are more likely to be solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats have double bonds between some of the carbon atoms, reducing the number of places where hydrogen atoms can bond to carbon atoms. These have a lower melting point and are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TNF α converting enzyme (TACE) encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biologic processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), is probably the most important product of "oxidative stress” in DNA. Its concentration in DNA is, in fact. a quantitative analysis of the degree of DNA damage that an organism has undergone. Due to the importance of 8-OHdG of nucleic acidg in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and aging, numerous chemical and biological investigations have been made on this subject in the past time.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Tumor necrosis factor acts as a cytokine, binding TNF receptors and plays a role in regulation of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inflammatory response.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Under normal physiological conditions, T3 represents approximately 5 percent of the thyroid hormones in serum. Although present in lower concentration, T3 has a greater intrinsic metabolic activity, faster turnover and larger volume of distribution than circulating T4.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D3. It is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol (though vitamin D3 itself is a secosteroid). Cholecalciferol is produced industrially for use in vitamin supplements and to fortify foods by the ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol extracted from lanolin found in sheep's wool.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Tapasin, or TAPBP (MIM 601962), is a member of the variable-constant Ig superfamily that links major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP; see MIM 170260) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The TAPBP gene is located near the MHC complex on chromosome 6p21.3. TAPBPL is a member of the Ig superfamily that is localized on chromosome 12p13.3, a region somewhat paralogous to the MHC.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor, is expressed in monocytes and macrophages.Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin c by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage.CD163 may play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

IL-6 is a multifunctional protein produced by lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells, and by normal and transformed cells, including T cells, monocyte/macrophages, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells, cardiac myxomas, bladder cell carcinomas, myelomas, astrogliomas and glioblastomas.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

FMet-Leu-Phe receptor is a protein encoded by the FPR1 gene.Ozcelik et al. mapped the FPR1 gene to human chromosome 19 by Southern analysis of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids and use of a cDNA probe. An FPR-like gene was also identified on chromosome 19 . An FPR-like gene that mapped to chromosome 2 was found in fact to represent an interleukin 8 receptor.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

WNT10B is a member of the WNT gene family. It may be involved in breast cancer, and its protein signaling is likely a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. This protein is 96% identical to the mouse Wnt10b protein at the amino acid level.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Human Cortisol (COR) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate Cortisol in samples. An antibody specific for Cortisol has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any Cortisol present is bound by the immobilized antibody.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

IL-6 gene encodes a cytokine that functions in inflammation and the maturation of B cells. In addition, the encoded protein has been shown to be an endogenous pyrogen capable of inducing fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Hepcidin is a 25 amino-acid (aa) cystein-rich peptide involved in iron metabolism: it regulates both intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron recycling. There are several clinical applications for hepcidin measurements such as iron overload disorders and anemia, chronic inflammation, kidney disease and cancer. This peptide can also be found in the 20, 22 and 24-aa isoforms; however the histopathological relevance of these isoforms still needs to be determined and they are most likely the result of the degradation of the bioactive 25-aa isoform.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is an endogenous eicosanoid. 5-HETE is an intermediate in the pathway of leukotriene synthesis. In addition, it is a modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a key intermediate of the arachidonate-dependent protective signaling in monocytes/macrophages exposed to peroxynitrite.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

VLDL is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. VLDL is assembled in the liver from cholesterol and apolipoproteins. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). VLDL particles have a diameter of 30-80 nm. VLDL transports endogenous products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products.VLDL transports endogenous triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters. It functions as the body's internal transport mechanism for lipids.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100B is glial-specific and is expressed primarily by astrocytes, but not all astrocytes express S100B.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TNFa is synthesized as a 26 kDa, type II transmembrane protein that is 233 amino acids in length. It contains a 30 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 26 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular region. TNFa is assembled intracellularly to form a transmembrane, non-covalently-linked homotrimeric protein.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6, along with pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Its hydrochloride salt pyridoxine hydrochloride is often used. Vitamin B6 assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. Whilst CYP2D6 is involved in the oxidation of a wide range of substrates of all the CYPs, there is considerable variability in its expression in the liver.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

MT-RNR2 (Mitochondrially Encoded 16S RNA) is an RNA Gene, and is affiliated with the non-coding RNA class. Among its related pathways are Apoptosis and survival_Regulation of Apoptosis by Mitochondrial Proteins and Viral mRNA Translation. Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against death induced by multiple different familial Alzheimer disease genes and beta amyloid proteins in Alzheimer disease.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TNFa is synthesized as a 26 kDa, type II transmembrane protein that is 233 amino acids in length. It contains a 30 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 26 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular region. TNFa is assembled intracellularly to form a transmembrane, non-covalently-linked homotrimeric protein.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Using differential display RT-PCR, followed by 5-prime and 3-prime RACE, Staege et al. (2001) isolated a cDNA encoding TNIP3, which they called LIND, that was upregulated in monocytes infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The predicted 325-amino acid protein contains 3 coiled-coil domains and is most likely localized to the nucleus. The authors identified potential splice sites that would result in variants with different C termini.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Lipoprotein(a) consists of an LDL-like particle and the specific apolipoprotein(a) , which is covalently bound to the apoB of the LDL like particle. Lp(a) plasma concentrations are highly heritable and mainly controlled by the apolipoprotein(a) gene located on chromosome 6q26-27.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

MFGE8 encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form multiple protein products. The major encoded protein product, lactadherin, is a membrane glycoprotein that promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein has also been implicated in wound healing, autoimmune disease, and cancer. Lactadherin can be further processed to form a smaller cleavage product, medin, which comprises the major protein component of aortic medial amyloid (AMA). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

α2-Antiplasmin is the principal plasma inhibitor of plasmin, with which it rapidly and irreversibly forms a complex. The simple technique of crossed immunoelectrophoresis against antiserum to α2-antiplasmin has been applied to detect -antiplasmin complex in plasma. The presence of this complex is demonstrated in patients in whom overactive fibrinolysis was the only or major contributor to severe haemorrhagic disorders arising spontaneously.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), also known as 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one, is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone. The enzyme 5α-reductase catalyzes the formation of DHT from testosterone in certain tissues including the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymides, skin, hair follicles, liver, and brain. This enzyme mediates reduction of the C4-5 double bond of testosterone. Relative to testosterone, DHT is considerably more potent as an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR).

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

MT1G (Metallothionein 1G) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Metabolism and Response to metal ions. An important paralog of this gene is MT2A. Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Lipoprotein(a) consists of an LDL-like particle and the specific apolipoprotein(a) , which is covalently bound to the apoB of the LDL like particle. Lp(a) plasma concentrations are highly heritable and mainly controlled by the apolipoprotein(a) gene located on chromosome 6q26-27. Apo(a) proteins vary in size due to a size polymorphism , which is caused by a variable number of so called kringle IV repeats in the LPA gene.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 or AT1 receptor is an angiotensin receptor. It has vasopressor effects and regulates aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system.It is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Lactoperoxidase is a peroxidase enzyme found in milk. It is able to form reactive bromine and iodine species, resulting in natural organobromine and organoiodine substances, and can therefore be categorised as a haloperoxidase. It is fairly heat resistant and was widely used as an indicator of overpasteurization of milk.Freshly isolated and purified samples of goat LPO were saturated with ammonium iodide and crystallized using 20% polyethylene glycol 3350 in a hanging drop vapor diffusion setup.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent scurvy.Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold. It may be taken by mouth or by injection. It is generally well tolerated.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone belongs to a group called the melanocortins. This group includes ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and gamma-MSH; these peptides are all cleavage products of a large precursor peptide called pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Alpha-MSH is the most important melanocortin for pigmentation.Alpha-MSH could be a potent biological marker for the diagnosis of CFS.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

RSPO3 encodes a member of the thrombospondin type 1 repeat supergene family. In addition, the protein contains a furin-like cysteine-rich region. Furin-like repeat domains have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the mechanism of signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinases.The 272-amino acid protein has an N-terminal cys-rich domain (CRD) and a central thrombospondin type-1 (THBS1) repeat (TSR) domain.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Dopamine can be supplied as a medication that acts on the sympathetic nervous system, producing effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. However, since dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the central nervous system.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Cathepsin Z or cathepsin X is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase and member of the peptidase C1 family. It exhibits both carboxy-monopeptidase and carboxy-dipeptidase activities. The encoded protein has also been known as cathepsin X and cathepsin P. This gene is expressed ubiquitously in cancer cell lines and primary tumors and, like other members of this family, may be involved in tumorigenesis.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

T4, the principal thyroid hormone largely bound to transport proteins, especially TBG. Given normal levels of thyroid hormone-binding proteins, hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased levels of circulating T4, hypothyroidism by decreased levels. Exceptions to this parallelism between thyroid status and total T4 concentration are found.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS proteins, membrane proteins that bind guanine nucleotides and participate in signal transduction pathways. GTP binding activates and GTP hydrolysis inactivates RAS proteins. The product of SOS1 may regulate RAS proteins by facilitating the exchange of GTP for GDP. Mutations in SOS1 are associated with gingival fibromatosis 1 and Noonan syndrome type 4.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isa 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappaB (NF-κB) protein complex. NF-κB is a transcription factor that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

PYCARD encodes an adaptor protein that is composed of two protein-protein interaction domains: a N-terminal PYRIN-PAAD-DAPIN domain (PYD) and a C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain (CARD). The PYD and CARD domains are members of the six-helix bundle death domain-fold superfamily that mediates assembly of large signaling complexes in the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways via the activation of caspase.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine,[1] is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.[2] Melatonin is also produced in plants where it functions as a first line of defense against oxidative stress.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), also known as 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one, is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone. The enzyme 5α-reductase catalyzes the formation of DHT from testosterone in certain tissues including the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymides, skin, hair follicles, liver, and brain. This enzyme mediates reduction of the C4-5 double bond of testosterone. Relative to testosterone, DHT is considerably more potent as an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR).

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is an important hormone of the reproductive system, which has found application in diagnosis and therapeutic medicine. It plays a vital role in the development and functioning of the reproductive system. Determination of LH concentration is important for detection of dysfunction of the pituitary variance axis, diagnosis of reproductive disorders, monitoring of antifertility programmes and in therapeutic preparations.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is an endogenous oxysterol with multiple biological functions, including activity as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (a mixed, tissue-specific agonist-antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER)) and as an agonist of the liver X receptor (LXR). It is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced by the enzyme CYP27A1.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer or other diseases.The highest levels of acid phosphatase are found in metastasized prostate cancer. Diseases of the bone, such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism, diseases of blood cells, such as sickle-cell disease or multiple myeloma or lysosomal storage diseases, such as Gaucher's disease, will show moderately increased levels.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Collagen, type I, alpha 1 is the major component of type I collagen, the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues, including cartilage.The COL1A1 gene produces a component of type I collagen, called the pro-alpha1(I) chain. This chain combines with another pro-alpha1(I) chain and also with a pro-alpha2(I) chain (produced by the COL1A2 gene) to make a molecule of type I procollagen. These triple-stranded, rope-like procollagen molecules must be processed by enzymes outside the cell.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. In the brain, norepinephrine is produced in closely packed brain cell neurons or nuclei that are small yet exert powerful effects on other brain areas.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter found in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) that is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose disposal.In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is sequestered in the interior of muscle and fat cells within lipid bilayers of vesicles. Insulin induces the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor in its dimeric form. The receptor phosphorylates and subsequently activates IRS-1, which converts PIP2 to PIP3.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

MK encodes a member of a small family of secreted growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic acid. Midkine promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. MK has been targeted as a therapeutic for a variety of different disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Adiponectin, alternatively named Adipocyte Complement-Related Protein of 30 kDa, shares structural similarity with complement factor C1q and is a member of the family of defense collagens. It is secreted exclusively by differentiated adipocytes and circulates at high concentrations.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II is a human protein belongs to cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein family. It is sometimes confused with the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2.Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, abbreviated CoxII, is the second subunit of cytochrome c oxidase.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a group of membrane components that contain lipid and sugar moieties. They are present in essentially all animal cells and are believed to have important roles in various cellular processes. UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) catalyzes the first glycosylation step in GSL biosynthesis.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Type I collagen is a heterotrimer consisting of two α1(I) chains and one α2(I) chain. NTx assays are sensitive and specific assays that can be used to indicate subtle changes in levels of bone resorption. NTx serum and urine assays provide a quantitative measurement of the cross-linked N-telopeptides of bone type I collagen (NTx). NTx is a specific biochemical indicator of bone resorption that is generated as a result of osteoclast activity on bone.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the first cytokines ever described. Its initial discovery was as a factor that could induce fever, control lymphocytes, increase the number of bone marrow cells and cause degeneration of bone joints. At this time, IL-1 was known under several other names including endogenous pyrogen, lymphocyte activating factor, haemopoetin-1 and mononuclear cell factor, amongst others.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Myoglobin is a single-chain globular protein of 153 amino acids, containing a heme prosthetic group in the center around which the remaining apoprotein folds. It has eight alpha helices and a hydrophobic core. It has a molecular weight of 16,700 daltons, and is the primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Unlike the blood-borne hemoglobin, to which it is structurally related, this protein does not exhibit cooperative binding of oxygen, since positive cooperativity is a property of multimeric/oligomeric proteins only. Instead, the binding of oxygen by myoglobin is unaffected by the oxygen pressure in the surrounding tissue. Myoglobin is often cited as having an "instant binding tenacity" to oxygen given its hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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RUNX3 is a member of the runt domain-containing family of transcription factors. A heterodimer of this protein and a beta subunit forms a complex that binds to the core DNA sequence 5'-PYGPYGGT-3' found in a number of enhancers and promoters, and can either activate or suppress transcription. It also interacts with other transcription factors. It functions as a tumor suppressor, and the gene is frequently deleted or transcriptionally silenced in cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Runx3 mouse gastric mucosa exhibits hyperplasia due to stimulated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in epithelial cells, and the cells are resistant to TGF-beta stimulation.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a peptide hormone containing 28 amino acid residues and is produced in many areas of the human body including the gut, pancreas and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain.It has a half-life in the blood of about two minutes. With respect to the digestive system, VIP seems to induce smooth muscle relaxation (lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, gallbladder), stimulate secretion of water into pancreatic juice and bile, and cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion and absorption from the intestinal lumen.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

SMAD2 is a protein belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Plasma levels of PIIINP a marker of extracellular matrix metabolism activity have been linked to abdominal aortic aneurysm growth rate, but its relationship with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) growth has never previously been studied. The PIIINP molecule is an indicator of both the synthesis and the degradation of type III collagen. Occasionally, the removal of PIIINP from the newly-synthesized type III collagen is not complete and the propeptide may remain attached to some of the molecules, known as type IIIpN-collagen.

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Peripherin, a type III intermediate filament protein, was initially described by Portier et al. (1984) as a cytoskeletal protein present in neurons of the mammalian peripheral nervous system (hence, the name) and in cultured neuroblastoma cells. The amino-terminal region contained potential serine phosphorylation sites. Northern blot analysis detected a corresponding mRNA in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, including the superior cervical ganglion, ciliary ganglion, and dorsal root ganglion. In the central nervous system, expression was detected in motor nuclei of cranial nerves and ventral horn neurons. Expression was induced by nerve growth factor.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Phylloquinone is a polycyclic aromatic ketone, based on 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, with a 3-phytyl substituent.It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. It is found naturally in a wide variety of green plants.It is often called vitamin K1 or phytonadione. Sometimes a distinction is made with phylloquinone considered natural and phytonadione considered synthetic. A stereoisomer of phylloquinone is called vitamin k1 .

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In men, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis. Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss.

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Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, are a family of enzymes (EC 3.2.1.17) which damage bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.

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The full-length SPON2 cDNA encodes a 331-amino acid protein with a domain organization similar to those of zebrafish mindin-1/mindin-2 and F-spondin (SPON1): a hydrophobic signal sequence in the N terminus, an FS1 domain, an FS2 domain, and a thrombospondin type I repeat. The mouse mindin protein, which is 85% identical to the human protein, is a conserved member of a family of secreted extracellular matrix proteins. RNA blot analysis detected expression in a variety of tissues, with abundant expression in lung and lymphoid tissues. Immunoblot blot analysis showed expression of a 42-kD protein under reducing conditions and expression of dimers and oligomers in a concentration-dependent manner under nonreducing conditions.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 is a protein encoded by the ACTC1 gene.Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to four others. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family which is composed of three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC).

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Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNF-R2) is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. sTNF-R2 and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of IAPs in TNF-receptor signalling is unknown, however, c-IAP1 is thought to potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis by the ubiquitination and degradation of TNF-receptor-associated factor 2, which mediates anti-apoptotic signals. Knockout studies in mice also suggest a role of this protein in protecting neurons from apoptosis by stimulating antioxidative pathways.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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Peptide YY is a short (36 amino acid) protein released by cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. It is also known as PYY, Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine, or Pancreatic Peptide YY3-36. Peptide YY is related to the pancreatic peptide family by having 18 of its 36 amino acids located in the same positions as pancreatic peptide. There are two major forms of Peptide YY: PYY1-36 and PYY3-36 which have PP fold structural motif. However, the most common form of circulating PYY immunoreactivity is PYY3-36 which binds to Y2 receptor (Y2R) of Y family receptors. Peptide YY3-36 (PYY) is a linear polypeptide consisting of 36 amino acids with structural homology to NPY and pancreatic polypeptide.

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein that inhibits the development of the Müllerian ducts in a male embryo. It is named after Johannes Peter Müller. AMH is a protein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin, and a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. It is present in fish, reptiles, birds, marsupials, and placental mammals.In mammals AMH is secreted by Sertoli cells of the testes during embryogenesis of the fetal male and prevents the development of the mullerian ducts into the uterus and other mullerian structures. The effect is ipsilateral, that is each testis suppresses Müllerian development only on its own side. In humans this action takes place by 8 weeks gestation. In female embryogenesis the absence of AMH allows for the development of upper vagina, uterus and cervix, and oviducts.

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Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that degrades (through its hydrolytic activity) the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, producing choline and an acetate group. It is mainly found at neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system, where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission. AChE has a very high catalytic activity mdash; each molecule of AChE degrades about 5000 molecules of acetylcholine per second. The choline produced by the action of AChE is recycled mdash; it is transported, through reuptake, back into nerve terminals where it is used to synthesize new acetylcholine molecules.Acetylcholinesterase is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen.

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MUC7 encodes a small salivary mucin, which is thought to play a role in facilitating the clearance of bacteria in the oral cavity and to aid in mastication, speech, and swallowing. The central domain of this glycoprotein contains tandem repeats, each composed of 23 amino acids. This antimicrobial protein has antibacterial and antifungal activity. The most common allele contains 6 repeats, and some alleles may be associated with susceptibility to asthma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for MUC7.

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TIC1 encodes the protein core of a seminal plasma proteoglycan containing chondroitin- and heparan-sulfate chains. The protein's function is unknown, although similarity to thyropin-type cysteine protease-inhibitors suggests its function may be related to protease inhibition.The SPOCK cDNA encodes a deduced 439-amino acid protein with a predicted N-terminal signal sequence and 2 consensus glycosaminoglycan attachment sites. SPOCK, which contains osteonectin-like domains, a Kazal-like sequence, and a cys-trp-cys-val (CWCV) domain, is related to protein families that are involved in adhesion, migration, and cell proliferation.In situ hybridization showed that mouse Spock1 is located predominantly in a subpopulation of pyramidal neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus.

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MMP-1 is produced by fibroblasts, chondrocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and osteoblasts. It is induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, various growth factors such as EGF, PDGF, FGF basic, and Oncostatin M, chemical agents such as cAMP and phorbol esters and events occurring at the cell surface such as cell fusion and phagocytosis. MMP-1 plays a significant role in the degradation of different types of collagen in extracellular matrix remodeling. It is implicated in a variety of processes involving collagen degradation such as emphysema, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, periodontal and respiratory disease, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing, and inflammatory bowel disease.

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Kallikrein-2 is a protein encoded by the KLK2 gene.The glandular kallikreins are a distinct group of serine proteases with molecular masses of 25,000 to 40,000 and an ability to release vasoactive peptides from kininogen in vitro, although the kininogenase activity of different kallikreins is highly variable. The true physiologic role of specific kallikreins is often unrelated to the kininogenase activity. In the mouse a major site of kallikrein synthesis is the male submaxillary gland. Glandular kallikreins are also synthesized in the pancreas and kidney. The several kallikreins found in this tissue include epidermal growth factor-binding protein (EGF-BP) and the gamma subunit of nerve growth factor (NGFG;), which are responsible for the processing of EGF and NGF , respectively.

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A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The SLIT1 cDNA encodes a 1,534-amino acid polypeptide with 43.5% similarity to the Drosophila 'slit' protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that the human SLIT1 gene was expressed as a major 8.4- and a minor 5.9-kb transcript primarily in the brain. SLIT2 and SLIT3 mRNAs were primarily expressed in the spinal cord and thyroid, respectively. In situ hybridization studies indicated that the rat Slit1 mRNA was specifically expressed in the neurons of fetal and adult forebrains. These data suggested that the SLIT genes form an evolutionarily conserved group in vertebrates and invertebrates, and that the mammalian SLIT proteins may participate in the formation and maintenance of the nervous and endocrine systems by protein-protein interactions.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Son of sevenless homolog 2 (SOS2) encodes a regulatory protein that is involved in the positive regulation of ras proteins. Mutations in SOS2 are associated with Noonan Syndrome-9.

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Methemoglobin is a form of the oxygen-carrying metalloprotein hemoglobin, in which the iron in the heme group is in the Fe3+ (ferric) state, not the Fe2+ (ferrous) of normal hemoglobin. Methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen, unlike oxyhemoglobin. It is bluish chocolate-brown in color. In human blood a trace amount of methemoglobin is normally produced spontaneously, but when present in excess the blood becomes abnormally dark bluish brown. The NADH-dependent enzyme methemoglobin reductase (diaphorase I) is responsible for converting methemoglobin back to hemoglobin.

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The PINP molecule is similar to PIIINP consisting of three distinct structural domains: Col 1 is on the aminoterminal side of the molecule, while Col 2 and Col 3 are situated on the middle of the helically structured molecule (Kühn et al. 1982). The PINP molecule has a molecular mass of 35 000 and is cleared by scavenger receptors in liver endothelial cells (Melkko et al. 1994). PINP often occurs in circulation in two forms of different molecular sizes. One is identical to the trimeric authentic antigen (intact PINP) whereas the other consists of smaller forms of PINP, resembling a single domain of the proα1(I) chain of PINP and is probably a degradation product of type I procollagen or I pN-collagen. Thus, an assay of intact PINP rather than total PINP appears to be more sensitive in detecting changes in the rate of type I collagen synthesis (Melkko et al. 1996, Risteli & Risteli 1999).

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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CA125 encodes a protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are high molecular weight, O-glycosylated proteins that play an important role in forming a protective mucous barrier, and are found on the apical surfaces of the epithelia. The encoded protein is a membrane-tethered mucin that contains an extracellular domain at its amino terminus, a large tandem repeat domain, and a transmembrane domain with a short cytoplasmic domain. The amino terminus is highly glycosylated, while the repeat region contains 156 amino acid repeats unit that are rich in serines, threonines, and prolines.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Background SECTM1 encodes a transmembrane and secreted protein with characteristics of a type 1a transmembrane protein. It is found in a perinuclear Golgi-like pattern and thought to be involved in hematopoietic and/or immune system processes. The predicted 248-amino acid K12 protein has the hydropathic characteristics of a type 1a transmembrane protein, which is defined by an extracellular N terminus and a cleaved signal peptide. The authors demonstrated that the K12 protein behaves biochemically as an integral membrane protein. Using immunofluorescence, they localized K12 to the Golgi. Western blotting showed that the K12 protein migrates as a cluster of bands at 27 kD. In addition, an approximately 20-kD soluble form of K12 is secreted by cells.

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Osteopontin (OPN), is a secreted multifunctional glyco-phosphoprotein with roles in bone metabolism, immune regulation, tissue remodeling , cell survival, and tumor progression . Gene structure and chromosomal location identify OPN as a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family that also includes BSP,BMP1,DSPP, ENAM and MEPE. Murine OPN issynthesized as a 294 amino acid (aa) precursor protein with a predicted 16 aa signal peptide and a highly unusual mature protein sequence, containing 68 acidic aa and 23 potential Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites. Although the predicted molecular weight of OPN is 31 kDa,phosphorylation and N- and O-glycosylation may allow it to appear as large as 75 kDa. Variability in post-translational modifications can influence the activity of OPN.

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Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein homodimer produced predominantly by the thryroid gland. It acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine. Thyroglobulin is secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum to its site of iodination, and subsequent thyroxine biosynthesis, in the follicular lumen. Mutations in TG cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, manifested as goiter, and are associated with moderate to severe congenital hypothyroidism. Polymorphisms in TG are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves disease and Hashimoto thryoiditis.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

ACE2 is an exopeptidase that catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to the nonapeptide angiotensin ,or the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin. ACE 2 has direct effects on cardiac function, and is expressed predominantly in vascular endothelial cells of the heart and the kidneys.By EST database searching for sequences showing homology to the zinc metalloprotease angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and by screening a human lymphoma cDNA library, Tipnis et al. (2000) cloned a full-length ACE2 cDNA, which they called ACEH, encoding a deduced 805-amino acid protein that shares approximately 40% identity with the N- and C-terminal domains of ACE. ACE2 contains a potential 17-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide and a putative 22-amino acid C-terminal membrane anchor.

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Troponin I (TnI), along with troponin T (TnT) and troponin C (TnC), is one of 3 subunits that form the troponin complex of the thin filaments of striated muscle. TnI is the inhibitory subunit; blocking actin-myosin interactions and thereby mediating striated muscle relaxation. The TnI subfamily contains three genes: TnI-skeletal-fast-twitch, TnI-skeletal-slow-twitch, and TnI-cardiac. This gene encodes the TnI-cardiac protein and is exclusively expressed in cardiac muscle tissues. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy type 7 (CMH7) and familial restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), also known as dinoprostone, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which is used as a medication. As a medication it is used in labor induction, bleeding after delivery, termination of pregnancy, and in newborn babies to keep the ductus arteriosus open.In babies it is used in those with congenital heart defects until surgery can be carried out. It may be used within the vagina or by injection into a vein.Common side effects include vomiting, fever, diarrhea, and excessive uterine contraction.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TIMP2, is a member of the TIMP family. The proteins are natural inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition to an inhibitory role against metalloproteinases, the encoded protein has a unique role among TIMP family members in its ability to directly suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells. As a result, the encoded protein may be critical to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by suppressing the proliferation of quiescent tissues in response to angiogenic factors, and by inhibiting protease activity in tissues undergoing remodelling of the extracellular matrix. In melanocytic cells TIMP2 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiases.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen, causing serious liver disease. The HBV surface protein antigens (HBsAg) are comprised of three carboxyl co terminal HBs proteins termed large (LHBs), middle (MHBs) and small (SHBs, also called major) protein. LHBs and MHBs also share the highly hydrophobic, repetitive, membrane spanning S domain. In addition, LHBs has a 119 amino acid region called preS1.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B (TNFLSF13B), also known as B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) and TNF- and APOL-related leukocyte expressed ligand (TALL-1) and the Dendritic cell-derived TNF-like molecule (CD257 antigen; cluster of differentiation 257). BAFF is a 285-amino acid long peptide glycoprotein which undergoes glycosylation at residue 124. It is expressed as transmembrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. The transmembrane form can be cleaved from the membrane, generating a soluble protein fragment. BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA, all of which have differing binding affinities for it.

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Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. Production of T3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the anterior pituitary gland. This pathway is part of a closed-loop feedback process: Elevated concentrations of T3, and T4 in the blood plasma inhibit the production of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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SPRR genes encode a novel class of polypeptides called small proline-rich proteins that are strongly induced during differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Small proline-rich protein 2A is a protein encoded by the SPRR2A gene.Gibbs et al. (1993) concluded that there are 7 genes for the SPRR2 subfamily of small proline-rich proteins, including SPRR2A.Using DNA microarray analysis, Zimmermann et al. (2005) identified Sprr2a and Sprr2b (182268) as allergen-induced genes in a mouse model of experimental asthma. By analysis of human-rodent hybrid cell lines and FISH, Gibbs et al. (1993) determined that all SPRR genes, including SPRR2A, are closely linked within a 300-kb DNA segment on chromosome 1q21-q22.

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Minami et al. (1987) reported the full-length cDNA and complete primary structure of human LTA4 hydrolase. This was the first report of the molecular cloning of an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids. Funk et al. (1987) isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to leukotriene A4 hydrolase from a human lung lambda-gt11 expression library by immunoscreening with a polyclonal antiserum.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Acetylcholine (Ach) is produced by the synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase which uses acetyl coenzyme A and choline as substrates for the formation of acetylcholine.Dietary choline and phosphatidylcholine serve as the sources of free choline for acetylcholine synthesis. Upon release, acetylcholine is metabolized into choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase, and other nonspecific esterases. Acetylcholine release can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on the type of tissue and the nature of the receptor with which it interacts.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RIPK1 gene. RIPK1 is known to have function in a variety of cellular pathways including the NF-κB pathway and programmed necrotic cell death (necroptosis)

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

TIGIT encodes a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobin proteins. The product of this gene is expressed on several classes of T cells including follicular B helper T cells (TFH). The protein has been shown to bind PVR with high affinity; this binding is thought to assist interactions between TFH and dendritic cells to regulate T cell dependent B cell responses. The predicted 244-amino acid TIGIT protein has a single Ig domain, followed by a type I transmembrane domain and a single intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. It shares 88%, 67%, and 58% amino acid identity with its rhesus, dog, and mouse homologs, respectively.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Transfer of a sulfur ion to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. Also has weak rhodanese activity. Detoxifies cyanide and is required for thiosulfate biosynthesis. Acts as an antioxidant. In combination with cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), contributes to the catabolism of cysteine and is an important producer of hydrogen sulfide in the brain, retina and vascular endothelial cells. Hydrogen sulfide H2S is an important synaptic modulator, signaling molecule, smooth muscle contractor and neuroprotectant. Its production by the 3MST/CAT pathway is regulated by calcium ions.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. MUC4 encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. At least two dozen transcript variants of MUC4 have been found, although for many of them the full-length transcript has not been determined or they are found only in tumor tissues. MUC4 contains a region in the coding sequence which has a variable number (>100) of 48 nt tandem repeats.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), is secreted from binucleate trophoblast of the bovine conceptus as early as day 15 of pregnancy. This is the first indication that PSPB has a hormonal role in inducing GCP-2, an alpha chemokine that also is induced by interferon-tau during early pregnancy.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the first cytokines ever described. Its initial discovery was as a factor that could induce fever, control lymphocytes, increase the number of bone marrow cells and cause degeneration of bone joints. At this time, IL-1 was known under several other names including endogenous pyrogen, lymphocyte activating factor, haemopoetin-1 and mononuclear cell factor, amongst others. It was around 1984-1985 when scientists confirmed that IL-1 was actually composed of two distinct proteins, now called IL-1α and IL-1β.These belong to a family of cytokines known as the interleukin-1 superfamily.Both IL-1α and IL-1β are produced by macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Mmp9 encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes that are involved in tissue remodeling, wound repair, progression of atherosclerosis and tumor invasion. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature, zinc-dependent endopeptidase enzyme that degrades collagens of type IV, V and XI, and elastin.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This protein was shown to be a dentritic cell survival factor and is involved in the regulation of T cell-dependent immune response. T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Creatine kinase, mitochondrial 1A also known as CKMT1A is one of two genes which encode the ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (ubiquitous mtCK or CKMT1). Mitochondrial creatine (MtCK) kinase is responsible for the transfer of high energy phosphate from mitochondria to the cytosolic carrier, creatine. It belongs to the creatine kinase isoenzyme family. It exists as two isoenzymes, sarcomeric MtCK (CKMT2) and ubiquitous MtCK, encoded by separate genes. Mitochondrial creatine kinase occurs in two different oligomeric forms: dimers and octamers, in contrast to the exclusively dimeric cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes. Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase has 80% homology with the coding exons of sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase.

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Cardiac troponin T (cTn-T) is a subunit of troponin, which is a regulatory complex located on the thin filament of the sarcomere. This complex regulates striated muscle contraction in response to fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentration. This complex is composed of three subunits: troponin C, which binds calcium, troponin T, which binds tropomyosin, and troponin I, which is an inhibitory subunit. cTn-T is the slow skeletal troponin T subunit. Mutations in this gene cause nemaline myopathy type 5, also known as Amish nemaline myopathy, a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and rod-shaped, or nemaline, inclusions in skeletal muscle fibers which affects infants, resulting in death due to respiratory insufficiency, usually in the second year. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for cTn-T.

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The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles thought to serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Calcium binding to synaptotagmin-1 participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse.

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Stanniocalcin-1 is a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The gene contains a 5' UTR rich in CAG trinucleotide repeats. The encoded protein contains 11 conserved cysteine residues and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C exclusively on its serine residues. The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Overexpression of human stanniocalcin 1 in mice produces high serum phosphate levels, dwarfism, and increased metabolic rate. This gene has altered expression in hepatocellular, ovarian, and breast cancers.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as prasterone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex. It is the the 3β-sulfate ester and a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) that circulates in far greater relative concentrations. The steroid is hormonally inert and is instead an important neurosteroid and neurotrophin, as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones like the androgens and estrogens.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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This protein catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. The protein is found predominantly in muscle tissue and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. Mutations in this gene have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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Interleukin 1β encoded by IL-1β gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. Interleukin 1β is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). Interleukin 1β is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by Interleukin 1β in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. IL-1β gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.

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Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (abbreviated PEMT) is a transferase enzyme (EC 2.1.1.17) which converts phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the liver. In humans it is encoded by the PEMT gene within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.While the CDP-choline pathway, in which choline obtained either by dietary consumption or by metabolism of choline-containing lipids is converted to PC, accounts for approximately 70% of PC biosynthesis in the liver, the PEMT pathway has been shown to have played a critical evolutionary role in providing PC during times of starvation. Furthermore, PC made via PEMT plays a wide range of physiological roles, utilized in choline synthesis, hepatocyte membrane structure, bile secretion, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion.

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PIBF encodes a predicted hydrophilic 757-amino acid alpha-helical protein with an N-terminal signal sequence, a nuclear localization signal, a leucine zipper motif, a basic zipper sequence, a PEST sequence, an endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention signal, and several potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Immunoblot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and fluorescence microscopy of insulin-treated mammary carcinoma cells detected expression of a 34-kD secreted protein in cytoplasmic granules. In untreated cells, nucleus-associated expression of the full-length 90-kD protein was detected.PIBF1 contains 758 amino acids. multiple PIBF1 transcripts expressed at highest levels in testis. Moderate expression was detected in spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestine, and colon.

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This gene encodes the alpha subunit of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. HIF-1 functions as a master regulator of cellular and systemic homeostatic response to hypoxia by activating transcription of many genes, including those involved in energy metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 thus plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease.

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Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein produced by colorectal cancer tissue. It is widely distributed in endoembryo-derived cancer of the digestive system, in the digestive canal tissues of normal embryos, and in a small amount in normal human serum. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a broad-spectrum tumor marker, which can reflect the existence of a variety of tumors. It is a good tumor marker for the judgment of efficacy, disease development, monitoring and prognosis of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, but its specificity and sensitivity are not high, and its role in early diagnosis of tumors is not obvious.

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SORCS2 encodes one family member of vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) domain-containing receptor proteins. The VPS10 domain name comes from the yeast carboxypeptidase Y sorting receptor Vps10 protein. Members of this gene family are large with many exons but the CDS lengths are usually less than 3700 nt. Very large introns typically separate the exons encoding the VPS10 domain; the remaining exons are separated by much smaller-sized introns. These genes are strongly expressed in the central nervous system.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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P-selectin is the largest of the known selectins at 140kDa. It contains nine consensus repeats (CR) and extends approximately 40 nm from the endothelial surface. P-selectin is expressed in a-granules of activated platelets and granules of endothelial cells. Within minutes of stimulation of the endothelial cells by inflammatory mediators such as histamine, thrombin, or phorbol esters, P-selectin is surface-expressed. Expression of P-selectin also occurs from the surgical trauma endured during preparation of the tissues for intravital microscopy. The expression is short-lived, reaching its peak after only ten minutes. Additional synthesis of P-selectin is brought about within two hours by cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a).

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Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid acyl ester bond of phosphoglycerides, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. PLA2G2A belongs to PLA2 group II, which consists of extracellular enzymes with low molecular masses that require calcium ions for catalysis . The deduced protein contains a 20-amino acid signal sequence, followed by a 124-amino acid mature peptide that has a calculated molecular mass of about 14 kD. The protein has characteristics of the type II class of PLA2s, including conserved catalytic residues and a Ca(2+)-binding loop. Northern blot analysis detected a 0.8-kb transcript in inflamed human synovial tissue and in peritoneal exudate cells from a peritonitis patient, but not in 2 activated human promyelocytic cell lines.

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Angiotensin II is a potent pressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system. It acts through at least two types of receptors termed AT1 and AT2. AGTR2 belongs to a family 1 of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein. It plays a role in the central nervous system and cardiovascular functions that are mediated by the renin-angiotensin system. This receptor mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis). In adults, it is highly expressed in myometrium with lower levels in adrenal gland and fallopian tube. It is highly expressed in fetal kidney and intestine. The human AGTR2 gene is composed of three exons and spans at least 5 kb.

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Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) encodes an iron containing glycoprotein which catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is the most basic of the acid phosphatases and is the only form not inhibited by L(+)-tartrate

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This gene belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The encoded protein is postulated to play a regulatory role in suppressing FasL- and LIGHT-mediated cell death. It acts as a decoy receptor that competes with death receptors for ligand binding. Overexpression of this gene has been noted in gastrointestinal tract tumors, and it is located in a gene-rich cluster on chromosome 20, with other potentially tumor-related genes. Two transcript variants encoding the same isoform, but differing in the 5 UTR, have been observed for this gene.

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Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and the formation of red blood cells. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism No fungi, plants, or animals (including humans) are capable of producing vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis. Some substantial sources of B12 include animal products (shellfish, meat), fortified food products, and dietary supplements.B12 is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation synthesis, typically used to manufacture B12 for fortified foods and supplements. Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds (vitamers), all of which show pharmacological activity.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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S100A8, a protein associated with a wide variety of inflammatory conditions, is heavily over-expressed in association with inflammation. Human S100A8 possesses neutrophil-repelling properties that result in an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. The chemotactic activity of S100A8 on neutrophils was tested in Transwell chemotaxis assays. Analysis of the data indicates that S100A8 causes a repulsion of peripheral neutrophils, an activity that S100A8 loses upon its oxidation. S100A8 causes a strong anti-inflammatory effect in the rat air-pouch model of inflammation in vivo. These data highlight a naturally occurring novel anti-inflammatory pathway and provide potential molecular targets for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family of which VEGF-A is the best known member. In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-B plays a less pronounced role in the vascular system: whereas VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions, VEGF-B seems only to play in role in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions. VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons. It is important for the protection of neurons in the retina and the cerebral cortex during stroke and of motoneurons during motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.VEGF-B exerts its effects via the FLT1 receptor.

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The olfactory system provides a unique model for developmental neurobiology. Olfactorin is a secreted modular protein containing several domains typically present in extracellular matrix proteins. During embryonic development expression of the Umodl1 gene is detectable only in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ starting at embryonic day 16.5. At this stage, Umodl1 expression within the olfactory epithelium is punctate, and is restricted to only some of the sensory neurons. At birth and postnatally, expression in these organs continues and involves more neurons. Kallmann syndrome is a genetic disease in which olfactory axons fail to connect to target neurons in the bulb.Olfactorin may play a role in correct olfactory axon navigation to the brain.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

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Tenascinis an extracellular matrix protein with a spatially and temporally restricted tissue distribution. It is a hexomeric, multidomain protein with disulfide-linked subunits of 190 to 240 kD, originally characterized as 'myotendinous antigen.' In the embryo it is present in dense mesenchyme surrounding developing epithelia, in tendon anlagen, and in developing cartilage and bone. In the adult tenascin remains present in tendons and myotendinous junctions in the perichondrium and periosteum, as well as in smooth muscle. Pearson et al. (1988) isolated cDNA clones coding for tenascin from a chicken fibroblast cDNA expression library using a specific tenascin antiserum. They showed induction of tenascin in vitro by fetal calf serum as well as by transforming growth factor-beta .

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Prolactin-releasing hormone, also known as PRLH, is a hypothetical human hormone or hormone releasing factor. Existence of this factor has been hypothesized as prolactin is the only currently known hormone for which almost exclusively negative regulating factors are known (such as dopamine, leukemia inhibitory factor, some prostaglandins) but few stimulating factors. While many prolactin stimulating and enhancing factors are well known (such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and estrogen) those have primary functions other than stimulating prolactin release and the search for hypothetical releasing factor or factors continues. The prolactin-releasing peptide identified in 1998 was a candidate for this function, however as of 2008 it appears its function is not yet completely elucidated.

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Monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (EI) is a protein of approximately 42,000 Mr with serpin-like functional properties. Remold-O'Donnell et al. (1992) cloned EI cDNA and identified 3 EI mRNA species of 1.5, 1.9, and 2.6 kb in monocyte-like cells and no hybridizing mRNA in lymphoblastoid cells lacking detectable EI enzymatic activity. The cDNA open reading frame encoded a 379-amino acid protein. Its sequence established EI as a member of the serpin superfamily. Sequence alignment indicated that the reactive center P1 residue is cys-344, consistent with abrogation of elastase inhibitory activity by iodoacetamide and making EI a naturally occurring cys-serpin. Other elastase inhibitors include alpha-1-antitrypsin (PI) and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI).

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6, along with pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Its hydrochloride salt pyridoxine hydrochloride is often used. Vitamin B6 assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cardiovascular health by decreasing the formation of homocysteine. Pyridoxine may help balance hormonal changes in women and aid the immune system. It is required for the production of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, as it is the precursor to pyridoxal phosphate: cofactor for the enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. This enzyme is responsible for converting the precursors 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) into serotonin and melatonin, and levodopa (L-DOPA) into dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline.

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MMRN2 encodes a protein belonging to the member of elastin microfibril interface-located (EMILIN) protein family. This family member is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that can interfere with tumor angiogenesis and growth. It serves as a transforming growth factor beta antagonist and can interfere with the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 pathway. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 6.

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Keratin 10 (epidermolytic hyperkeratosis; keratosis palmaris et plantaris), also known as KRT10, is a human gene.This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) cytokeratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. This gene is located within a cluster of keratin family members on chromosome 17q21.

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Cyanocobalamin is the most common and widely produced of the chemical compounds that have vitamin activity as vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is the "generic descriptor" name for any of such vitamers of vitamin B12. Because the body can[citation needed] convert cyanocobalamin to any one of the active vitamin B12 compounds, by definition this makes cyanocobalamin itself a form (or vitamer) of B12, albeit a largely artificial one.

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Leukotriene A4 is a leukotriene.Leukotriene A4 hydrolase converts it to Leukotriene B4.(2s-(2 alpha,3 beta(1e,3e,5z,8z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-hpete via the stereospecific removal of a proton at c-10 and dehydration. Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is synthesized in mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which exhibits both lipoxygenase and LTA4 synthase activities.1,2 LTA4 is rapidly metabolized by LTA4hydrolase or LTC4 synthase to LTB4 or LTC4, respectively.2 LTA4, from leukocytes, is known to undergo transcellular metabolism in platelets, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells.3 Further metabolism of LTA4 by 15-LO leads to lipoxin biosynthesis.2 LTA4 as a free acid is highly unstable. The methyl ester is stable and can be readily hydrolyzed to the free acid as needed.

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Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. Expressed at high levels in transformed cell lines, cancers of colon, thyroid, lymphoid tissues and specifically expressed in monocytes and macrophages. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF17/BCMA, a member of the TNF receptor family. This protein and its receptor are both found to be important for B cell development. In vitro experiments suggested that this protein may be able to induce apoptosis through its interaction with other TNF receptor family proteins such as TNFRSF6/FAS and TNFRSF14/HVEM. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

Manufacturer: Abbkine Scientific

Uromodulin, the most abundant protein in normal urine. Its excretion in urine follows proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomain of its glycosyl phosphatidylinosital-anchored counterpart that is situated on the luminal cell surface of the loop of Henle. Uromodulin may act as a constitutive inhibitor of calcium crystallization in renal fluids. Excretion of uromodulin in urine may provide defense against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic bacteria. Defects in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant renal disorders medullary cystic kidney disease-2 and familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy. These disorders are characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, gout, and progressive renal failure. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date.

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The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.